CMC Markets专栏:央行降息竞赛随美国加息而终?
2015-12-11 06:31:34
来源:CMC Markets
编辑:Mary 文章类型:转载

在美联储即将实行自2006年以来第一次加息的时刻, 其他各国央妈似乎都在降息竞赛中逐渐放缓了脚步. 首先是欧洲央行在本月3日的会议上将基准利率保持在0.05%不变,虽然将其存款利率再次下调0.1个百分点至-0.3%; 昨日英国央行与瑞士央行均将官方利息率保持不变,分别保持在0.5%与-0.75;澳联储自5月份以来保持其2%的基准利率;只有新西兰央行昨日在此调低官方利率0.25个百分点至2.5%,但其利率仍然在主要发达国家中为最高。那么是否这将意味着各国央行的降息大赛即临告终?未必。对于经济前景,美国加息是有人欢喜有人忧,喜的是美联储终于给货币政策的正常化带来希望,忧的是全球经济现状仍未走出泥潭,而且可能会愈陷愈深。

数据来源:Investing.com

资料来源:Global-Rates.com
在08年危机以后,以美国为首的各国央妈便开始竞相降息,开始了这一场近6年的降息大战,而如今全球的经济并未因此而复苏,却因债台高筑而逐步失去活力。而谁也都意识到了这一点,便想在不会太迟的时候逐步恢复“正常的货币政策”,我们也都希望不会太迟,希望各国经济在逐步停用“抗生素” 后会依旧有其自身的“抵抗力”。
可以看出的是, 近期由于美联储的加息预期的强烈,各国央行也逐步访缓了下调利率的脚步。可是这个转点上,美国看似慢慢向泥潭之外跳,留下了其他新兴国家更为难言以对来大量债务资产,加息就意味着这个担子会更重,而美金的疯长更是雪上加霜。
实际上,各国央行仍然对于经济前景持较为消极的态度,主要是体现在:一是大宗商品价格的跌势还为明显看到转机,尤其是原油市场产量与需求持续失衡;二是中国经济增长放缓,人民币近期的贬值给出口为主的澳、纽、加带来压力;三是对于新兴市场国家债务的担忧,有可能再次引发全球性金融危机。
基于以上考虑,美联储主席耶伦曾表示加息会“循序渐进”的进行,以避免带来过大的冲击。但同时也表明加息不能够推迟的太晚,否则会再不得不加的时候给经济带来破坏性的影响。除美国外,其他央行的口径上则显消极;昨日瑞士央行的货币政策会议上表示,瑞郎价值依旧被大大高估,会继续保持对于汇率市场的干预以稳定物价与经济增长;而英国央行在上半年的加息预期滑为泡影,是由于国内通胀率始终低迷,10月份CPI同比下降0.1%。核心通胀率预期在1%以下一直到2016年下半年;欧洲央行在本月3日的会议上表示货币宽松依旧延续,在资产购买项目期限延长至2017年10月份;新西兰央行昨日 降息0.25个百分点,主要由于全球乳制品价格持续滑落影响;澳联储也依旧对其表明了再次降息的可能性。
与此同时, 中国央行似乎今年刚刚开始货币放宽的大手笔,央行自去年11月份以来6次降息,5次降准来促进资金流动性了,刺激发展,并且12月份有再次降息的预期。从中国经济历史发展角度上看,这个无可厚非,但同时也增加了风险性。人民币加入SDR后,逐步国际市场化,有可能导致大量资本外流。
看来赛事还未结束,路途仍然遥远。但在美联储加息后,下一个将是哪国央妈勇敢的紧随其后?也许是英国央行。英国央行一直有支持加息,回稳货币政策的强烈呼声,我们希望各国会逐渐一一挺身而出来逐步终结这场恶性战争。
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